<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Eurasian Soil Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Eurasian Soil Science</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0032-180X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5618</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Academy of Science</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S3034561824100059</article-id><title-group><article-title>Seasonal and multi-year dynamics of soil moisture in meadow-chernozem soils (Oka-Don lowland)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сезонная и многолетняя динамика влажности лугово-черноземных почв (Окско-Донская низменность)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5256-4348</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>Мария Андреевна </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>summerija@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Почвенный институт им. В.В. Докучаева; Агрофизический научно-исследовательский институт</institution><institution xml:lang="en">Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute; Agrophysical Research Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru"></institution><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><issue>10</issue><fpage>1343</fpage><lpage>1360</lpage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The observed climate changes and increasing groundwater levels in the forest-steppe region should be reflected in the water regime of the Gleyic Chernozem soils. This article analyzes the daily and seasonal dynamics of volumetric moisture in background Gleyic Chernozem (Siltic, Pachic) and two arable Gleyic Chernozem soils (Siltic, Aric, Pachic), as well as the level of groundwater in the Tokarevsky district of the Tambov region during the period from autumn 2022 to summer 2023. The obtained data is compared with regime observations of volumetric moisture and groundwater levels of these soils from 1969–1971. The use of automated monitoring systems for soil moisture and groundwater levels has allowed for continuous data collection on soil moisture, assessment of the diurnal dynamics, and detailed tracking of seasonal changes in soil moisture. The background chernozem soil is characterized by higher moisture levels compared to arable soils; the upper horizons of cultivated soils are characterized by a higher frequency of wetting-drying periods and a shorter continuous duration of these periods – which is confirmed both by moisture monitoring data and by the morphological features of the soils, such as the form of carbonate neoformations and the depth of their detection. During the observation period in 2022–2023, the meadow-chernozem soils were relatively dry, despite the higher than normal annual precipitation. Moisture levels conducive to wilting in the top 20 cm layer of cultivated soils were established from March 2023, and in the background soil from the end of April 2023. Periods with humidity exceeding the minimum moisture capacity within the entire 60 cm depth were not observed during the entire observation period. The soils were drier than in the dry year of 1972, when the humidity was less than the wilting point in the upper part of the profile from June to September. In the wet years of 1969–1970, the humidity did not drop below the wilting point in the upper 20 cm layer throughout the observation period. The main reason for this difference in humidity is the change in the level of groundwater: in 2022–2023, the majority of the groundwater was more than 4 m deep, whereas in 1969 it did not go deeper than 2 m and in 1971 – deeper than 4 m. As a result, the soil’s uptake of moisture through capillary action did not occur in 2022–2023, and the water regime of the meadow-chernozem soils more closely resembled the water regime of chernozems.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Проанализирована сезонная динамика объемной влажности залежной и двух пахотных лугово-черноземных почв (Gleyic Chernozem (Siltic, (Aric), Pachic)) в слое 0–60 см, а также уровень залегания грунтовых вод в Токаревском районе Тамбовской области c осени 2022 по лето 2023 гг.; проведено сравнение с режимными наблюдениями за объемной влажностью и уровнем грунтовых вод этих почв за 1969–1971 гг. Залежная лугово-черноземная почва характеризуется большей влажностью, чем почвы пашни; для верхних горизонтов пахотных почв характерна большая частота периодов увлажнения–иссушения и их меньшая непрерывная продолжительность, что подтверждается как данными мониторинга, так и формой карбонатных новообразований. Лугово-черноземные почвы в 2022–2023 гг. были достаточно сухими, несмотря на повышенное по сравнению с климатической нормой среднегодовое количество осадков. Влажность менее влажности завядания в слое 0–20 см пахотных почв устанавливалась с марта 2023 г., в залежной почве – с конца апреля 2023 г. Периоды с влажностью больше наименьшей влагоемкости в слое 0–60 см не были выявлены. Почвы были суше, чем в засушливый 1972 г., когда влажность менее влажности завядания в верхней части профиля наблюдалась в период с июня по сентябрь, во влажные 1969–1970 гг. она не опускалась ниже влажности завядания в слое 0–20 см за весь период наблюдения. Основной причиной такой разницы является изменение уровня залегания грунтовых вод: более 4 м основную часть 2022–2023 гг.; в 1969 г. воды не опускались глубже 2 м, 1971 – глубже 4 м. В результате подпитка почв влагой за счет капиллярного поднятия в 2022–2023 г. не происходила, и водный режим лугово-черноземных почв больше соответствовал водному режиму черноземов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>гидрология почв лесостепь динамика уровня грунтовых вод изменение климата Тамбовская область</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гидрология почв лесостепь динамика уровня грунтовых вод изменение климата Тамбовская область</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Российский Научный Фонд (22-77-10062).</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>Russian Science Foundation (22-77-10062).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>B1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айдаров И.П. Регулирование водно-солевого и питательного режимов орошаемых земель. 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